N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. N\u00f3 x\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o? C\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay. Khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Qua c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed & kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i duy tr\u00ec l\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd \u1ea9n s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u00edch c\u1ed5 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ebfu v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, h\u1ee7 h\u00f3a, t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t vong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho tr\u1ebb em. Khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m trong Kinh th\u00e1nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ebb em ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo Kinh th\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c con c\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh th\u00e1nh, tr\u1ebb em s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con m\u1ed3i cho c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a Sa-tan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho r\u1eb1ng Gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, di\u1ec5n ra h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong t\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1ebb em th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. Theo National Geographic, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ebb em nam thanh l\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em n\u1eef \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i chung, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con trai. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft con g\u00e1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1edf trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh quy t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u1edf \u00c2u M\u1ef9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, … \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX, Horace Mann, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng say x\u1ec9n, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i lan r\u1ed9ng. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 mong mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/strong>Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a: n\u00ean nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho Gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Tuy v\u1eady, qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Lawrence Kohlberg \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu h\u00fat h\u1ecdc sinh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 chia nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cho con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau “h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch” v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 trong s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean coi nh\u1eb9 s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y cho h\u1ecdc sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1eddng minh trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng hay c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 To\u00e1n & Khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t Trung th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c-m\u1ea5t, quy lu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, hay c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt trong d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n, hay ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1ec7 sinh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9nh trang khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, … c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c thi k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u “l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t”. Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh & ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00ean ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecdc l\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa. Tuy v\u1eady, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t – x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n – \u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u ra kh\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn hay x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho t\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 vi ph\u1ea1m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n \u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Thang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c k\u00e9m, y\u1ebfu, trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1, t\u1ed1t. L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c “t\u1ed1t” \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh “gi\u1ecfi”, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 “xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc” nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c “ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o”, d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec3m 10 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ee9c “trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1”, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 xem x\u00e9t x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c, m\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Do v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3, t\u1eebng n\u0103m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, si\u00eau t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1t, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec v\u1eabn n\u00ean r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c sai tr\u00e1i, vi ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh. B\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i “b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u1eebng h\u1ecdc”, ho\u1eb7c “h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, h\u1ecdc m\u00e3i”, th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec trong ch\u00f9a hay cha x\u1ee9 \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 “t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c”, “m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c”, “th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c” hay “t\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ee9c”. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng “\u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh” \u0111\u1ee9c cho con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi sau. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1edd \u00f4ng b\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc “t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c”. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc sinh th\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng hay nghe nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 “\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u00e1c b\u00e1o”, “\u0111\u1eddi cha \u0103n m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1eddi con kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed quy” – Ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, ngay nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c “g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n” nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c “h\u1ecdc v\u0103n”. G\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb h\u1ecd, t\u1eeb suy ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n h\u1ecd th\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 “ng\u01b0u t\u1ea7m ng\u01b0u, m\u00e3 t\u1ea7m m\u00e3”, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch “t\u1ea7m” nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng “g\u1ea7n m\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111en, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec s\u00e1ng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1m k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “t\u00edch” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, “t\u1ed5n” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha \u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0 n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1edbi tin, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed9n. Khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn trong \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea1m vi nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a tai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, th\u00ec l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. N\u00f3 x\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o? C\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,3],"tags":[195,196],"class_list":["post-3198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dao-duc","category-giao-duc","tag-dao-duc-4","tag-giao-duc-4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3198"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3198\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truyenthong.edu.vn\/sanpham\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}